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How the Body Works : The Immune Mechanism

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dizzo95
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    dizzo95
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  • Added: 02-Aug-07

How the Body Works The Immune Mechanism

The immune mechanism is designed to protect the body against attack from invading microorganisms and foreign, potentially harmful molecules. There are four types of immune mechanisms. The nature of the invading antigen determines which type of mechanism is brought into action. Certain antigens promote an exaggerated response, called a hypersensitive reaction, or an allergy., which may be harmful to the body tissues.

A type I reaction is an allergic response to foreign substances, usually proteins, entering the body. It is an immediate reaction which occurs within minutes or hours of the antigen entering the body. The diagram follows the events that occur in a type I response. The antigens enter the body and stimulate B-lymphocytes to produce antibodies. The antibodies then adhere to mast cells in the vessel wall. They neutralize the antigens and the mast cells release a chemical which causes, for example, the streaming eyes and the sneezing symptomatic of hay fever.

A type II reaction is initiated by antigens which are part of, or closely associated with, a tissue cell. The diagram shows antigens entering the bloodstream and invoking the production of antibodies. The antibodies destroy the antigens, but they may also cause, for example, a cross reaction with blood cells which can lead to cell damage. An example of this type of reaction is a mismatched blood transfusion, in which antibodies are formed against the donor red cells, which leads to their destruction.

A type III reaction is an immediate reaction occurring within a few hours of a small antigenic stimulation. The diagram shows antigens entering blood already filled with antibodies, formed during a previous exposure to these antigens. The antibodies form a complex with the antigen and a blood protein called complement. The complex so formed may damage tissue, such as the glomeruli of the kidneys, by blocking up the capillaries.

The final type of reaction, the type IV reaction, is a delayed immune response which occurs more than twenty-four hours after the initial contact with the antigen. The antigens enter the bloodstream, where they stimulate T-lymphocytes to produce antibodies which remain attached to the cell wall. The antibodies then destroy the antigens. Once the T-lymphocytes have been sensitized by the antigen, they can produce antibodies and confer immunity. This is the basis of immunization against tuberculosis.

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Comments on

How the Body Works : The Immune Mechanism

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  • T-cells don't make ...

    T-cells don't make antibodies you F**king prat. What kind of C**t makes an incorrect science vid??

    By Tybalt1987 [Affiliate User] 1222809519 Reply Spam Moderate Up Moderate Down
  • goog

    goog

    By mahimurugan [Affiliate User] 1222194725 Reply Spam Moderate Up Moderate Down
  • This is the basis ...

    This is the basis of immunisation against tuberculosis??!! The BCG vaccina against TB was found to be not only completely useless decades ago, in a huge WHO field trial in India, causing (most) countries to abandon its use, but was also found to be CAUSING TB, rather than preventing it. Mind you, otherr vaccines are just as useless it's just that medical science refuses to pull its head out of the sand (or its arse).

    By vaccineshurtbabies [Affiliate User] 1221916261 Reply Spam Moderate Up Moderate Down
  • This video makes it ...

    This video makes it sound as if scientists know how the immune system works, when in fact they know very little. Let's face it, most of them are even stupid enough to believe the lie that vaccines prevent diseases.

    By vaccineshurtbabies [Affiliate User] 1221915647 Reply Spam Moderate Up Moderate Down
  • what are you ...

    what are you talking about? please talk to your doctor and he'll clear up all your confusion.

    By Takerbell21 [Affiliate User] 1221802674 Reply Spam Moderate Up Moderate Down
  • WAIT!!! I know ...

    WAIT!!!
    I know that voice!!!
    Ofcourse, It's Hal!!!

    Dave... Dave... Don't do it Dave.
    You know, the movie Space Odesy 2000

    By FreeGlobalEnergy [Affiliate User] 1209953910 Reply Spam Moderate Up Moderate Down
  • When you eat cooked ...

    When you eat cooked foods the body responds as if an antigen is attacking the body. The enzyme free foods stressed the bodies digestion and wears our enzyme production. Eating foods that are living like raw vegetables does not cause this reaction. Doctors do not learn about nutrition and fail to treat illness because they only sell drugs. Take charge of our own health and stop eating foods that only cause inflammation and diesease.

    By GodIsTheCure [Affiliate User] 1209313526 Reply Spam Moderate Up Moderate Down
  • Truly awful, i'm a ...

    Truly awful, i'm a teacher and there's no way i'm going to be using this on Monday!

    FYI helper T cells stimulate B cells to divide, then the B cells secrete antibodies. Killer T cells 'search out' cells that have been invaded by pathogens and then destroy those infected cells.

    Also, your voice is super-boring.

    By akaisenshi [Affiliate User] 1208462192 Reply Spam Moderate Up Moderate Down
  • thanks for the ...

    thanks for the reply!

    By screenname10101 [Affiliate User] 1208127469 Reply Spam Moderate Up Moderate Down
  • It is a terrible ...

    It is a terrible video, but not wholly incorrect either. As a basic primer in immunology it fails to describe innate and acquired immune responses, which is central to understanding the types of immune responses. The worst part, I think, is that it fails to detail the response of dendritic cells and macrophages to antigens and antigen presentation to T-cells and the role of T-cells in initiating B-cell responses.

    By jffryfnt [Affiliate User] 1208126147 Reply Spam Moderate Up Moderate Down
  • u got 94% with this ...

    u got 94% with this shitty information? ... where do u study ... ur teaker should be an asshole xD

    By CodeEphyon [Affiliate User] 1207524637 Reply Spam Moderate Up Moderate Down
  • u got 94% with this ...

    u got 94% with this shitty information? ... where do u study ... ur teaker should be an asshole xD

    By CodeEphyon [Affiliate User] 1207524636 Reply Spam Moderate Up Moderate Down
  • u got 94% with this ...

    u got 94% with this shitty information? ... where do u study ... ur teaker should be an asshole xD

    By CodeEphyon [Affiliate User] 1207524636 Reply Spam Moderate Up Moderate Down
  • if u r going to ...

    if u r going to make a video about inmunology u should read and prepare better the video... >_> and the other idiots who dont know anything about inmune response plz dont write anything stupid... shame on you!

    By CodeEphyon [Affiliate User] 1207524528 Reply Spam Moderate Up Moderate Down
  • can you list some ...

    can you list some of the flaws in this video please?

    By screenname10101 [Affiliate User] 1207311692 Reply Spam Moderate Up Moderate Down
15 Comments | Add Comment