Apollo 8 Launch

Gotta love the 2nd stage ignition.

I agree, but some people live to insult others, not only Armstrong and Gagarin. Therefore, I think that people who say "it's a big hoax" are hoax themselves.

Correct, 3-axis control on the first and second stages was performed by gimballing the outboard engines. Depending on which direction each of the 4 engines gimballed pitch, yaw and roll were performed. The center engine was fixed and even if it wasn't it would only be able to do pitch/yaw control.

Pitch/yaw is performed with all engines nudging up/down or left/right while roll was performed with each engine being skewed clockwise or counterclockwise so their thrust vectors induce a roll moment.

its so annoying when people do that, insulting heroes like armstrong and gagarin

Mac: I do not know the exact sequence of roll and pitch as I
am not a Saturn 5 guy and my books are packed away from
moving. I would guess a pair of opposing engines among the 4 outboards gimbal slightly to roll the pitch axis to the flight azimuth for that mission. Perhaps during the roll or just after the two other engines (maybe all 4) gimbal to start the pitch. If I find out I will post to to this video. I
am not sure any Saturn 5 "manual" will be that specific but we can always hope!

I would be curious to hear from you artwleb how the roll and pitch works after the Saturn V is launched..I've been to KSC twice and seen what's left of the Apollo 1 launch site.

Thank you RF104. Just trying to help people understand some
of the wonderful effects of a Saturn 5 launch. As a further
note on cooling the RP-1 did the real cooling on the F-1
thrust chamber and upper nozzle while the turbine exhaust
handled the lower nozzle only. Glad you had the experience
of a F-1 firing. I missed out.

Artleb: My compliments...you know your stuff. That's in short supply with moon hoaxers. After all, it's rocket science!
By the way, the turbopump on the F-1 is running at 55,000hp. It's exhaust is considerably cooler than the flame of the combustion chamber, and helped keep the inner nozzle wall temps. managable. I heard one being tested when I was a teenager... you could feel vibrational waves impacting you from 10 miles away. Imaging five of them !

The reason for the interstage jettison was for weight. A rocket design does not keep the engines inside a structure for weight considerations or as you noted recirculation could create a problem but at lower altitudes when a vacuum was in effect at the engine compartment. This effect created problems for the first two Atlas ICBMs in 1957 as well a Jupiter IRBM.

The S-1C stage uses RP-1 fuel which contains lots of carbon and this gives the visibility/color to the F-1 engines. The turbine exhaust runs through the F-1 extension (see large curving duct down to lower half of nozzle. The exhaust is vented overboard around the outside of the nozzle and shows as the dark exhaust initially exiting the engine. The turbine is is powered by fuel rich RP-1 (kerosene)/LOX to keep the turbines running cool. Really great video!

i love it

Beautiful, isn't it? :-D And please don't pay attention to people who say it didn't exist. They will disappear too and no one will remember them.

Yes, I agree and this is very sad.

Lovell was actually on the backup crew; Mike
Collins was suppose to be the prime CMP for Apollo - 8 but got bumped to 11 due to a bone spur in his neck, which required surgery.

Exactly.

I'm 47 years old and I remember watching Apollo 8 as a boy at Christmas of 68. We had all this 40 years ago and look where we are today. It's an utter disgrace.