Waste to Energy -- An Overview

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The saying, "One man's trash is another man's treasure" is coming true in the waste-to-energy field. With some landfills overflowing, much real estate at a premium, groundwater and air pollution concerns, and fossil fuel scarcity concerns; methods of turning refuse into fuel or electricity are attractive for many reasons.

Who would have ever thought that junk and sewage could be cost-effectively turned into a valuable commodity? It turns out that there are several approaches being developed -- and even some already in commercial operation -- that, with tipping fees, can turn a profit from turning garbage and sewage into electricity and fuel.

According to their Vice President, Lynn Brown, Waste Management, the company the comes around to haul off garbage, is increasingly turning some of that garbage into energy -- enough to power over one million homes -- the equivalent of 14 million barrels of oil per year or 3.6 million tons of coal. And the company has a goal to double that amount to 2 million homes by 2020. (http://www.wm.com/thinkgreen)

Some landfills now capture the methane that comes out of the buried trash, which used to escape into the atmosphere as a potent greenhouse gas. Instead, they now burn this methane to run generators. Solar Hydrogen Energy Corporation (SHEC Labs) has developed a process that uses solar energy to convert this methane into hydrogen, and expect that within 5 years they will compete with the cheapest sources of Hydrogen. ( http://peswiki.com/index.php/Directory:Solar_Hydrogen_Energy_Corporation_(SHEC)_Labs )

One approach being pursued by several companies is to turn the incoming waste into plasma through a high intensity electrical arc. In the plasma state, the inflow is broken down to its elemental components -- individual atoms. What comes out is a burnable gas and an inert solid that can be used for things like pavement, bricks, and other building materials. Starting out, they are targeting medical waste because of its high tipping fees. ( http://peswiki.com/index.php/Directory:Plasma)

Green Power Inc has developed a method of inexpensively converting biomass and municipal waste into high quality diesel fuel, solving the world's energy and waste problems at the same time, without upsetting the CO2 balance.

We consider waste for energy technologies to fit the "free energy" mold. Waste is an inexhaustible or renewable energy source that will be around as long as there are humans. All trash can be recycled into something useful. Within a generation, we may begin to see home-based devices that turn your personal garbage into energy, right in the comfort of your home. It's Back to the Future in its infant stages.